Working Principle of Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump
Liquid ring vacuum pump is a common vacuum pump, and its working principle is based on the sealing and rotating motion of liquid to achieve vacuum extraction. The following is a detailed explanation of the working principle of liquid ring vacuum pump:
1. Main components and functions
Liquid ring: There is a sealed rotating liquid ring inside the liquid ring vacuum pump, and the liquid ring is generally composed of water or oil. The liquid ring fills a part of the pump cavity and maintains close contact with the inner wall of the pump cavity. When the liquid ring rotates in the pump, it plays the role of sealing and compressing the gas.
Rotor: The rotor is an eccentric device, which is located inside the liquid ring and rotates continuously with the rotation of the liquid ring. The eccentricity of the rotor makes the liquid ring form a closed sealed cavity when it rotates.
2. Working principle
Forming a liquid ring: When the liquid ring vacuum pump is started, the rotor begins to rotate. Due to the action of centrifugal force, the working liquid is thrown around the pump body to form a rotating liquid ring.
Cavity formation: A crescent-shaped working cavity is formed between the inner surface of the liquid ring and the rotor surface and the side cover of the pump body. These cavities are divided into several closed chambers with different volumes that are not connected by the blades on the rotor.
Gas suction: In the first half of the impeller, as the rotor rotates, the crescent-shaped cavity gradually increases, forming a negative pressure, and the external gas is sucked into these cavities through the air inlet.
Gas compression: In the second half of the impeller, as the rotor continues to rotate, the crescent-shaped cavity gradually decreases and the gas is compressed. At the same time, the pressure of the liquid ring also increases, further compressing the gas.
Gas discharge: The compressed gas gathers at the edge of the liquid ring to form a high-pressure area. As the liquid ring continues to rotate, the high-pressure gas is brought to the exhaust window and discharged from the pump through the exhaust pipe, thereby realizing vacuum extraction.
3. Features and applications
Features: The liquid ring vacuum pump has the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability, and isothermal compression. In addition, it can also realize the suction and compression of flammable and explosive gases containing dust and water vapor.
Application: Liquid ring vacuum pumps are widely used in various vacuum systems, such as vacuum distillation, vacuum drying, vacuum filtration, vacuum foam plastic molding, vacuum cooling, and extracting substances from solids. It has a wide and irreplaceable role in petrochemical, metallurgical, electric power, light industry, food and other industries.
4. Maintenance requirements
In order to ensure the normal operation of the liquid ring vacuum pump, it is necessary to regularly replace the working fluid, maintain the cleanliness of the fluid, and clean the rotor and pump body. In addition, preheating and inspection should be performed before operation to ensure the safe operation of the pump.
